|
Tyrsenian (also Tyrrhenian), named after the Tyrrhenians (Ancient Greek (Ionic): Τυρσηνοί ''Tursēnoi''), is a hypothetical extinct family of closely related ancient languages proposed by Helmut Rix (1998), that consists of the Etruscan language of central Italy, the Raetic language of the Alps, and the Lemnian language of the Aegean Sea. Camunic in northern Lombardy, in between Etruscan and Raetic, may belong here too, but the material is very scanty.〔.〕 ==Evidence== Rix assumes a date for Proto-Tyrsenian of roughly 1000 BC. Cognates common to Raetic and Etruscan are: *Etr. ''zal'', Raet. ''zal'', "two"; *Etr. ''-(a)cvil'', Raet. ''akvil'', "gift"; *Etr. ''zinace'', Raet. ''t'inaχe'', "he made". *a genitive suffix ''-s'' in all three languages; *a second genitive suffix ''-a'' in Raetic, ''-(i)a'' in Etruscan; *the past active participle ''-ce'' in Etruscan, ''-ku'' in Raetic. Cognates common to Lemnian and Etruscan are: *dative-case suffixes '' *-si,'' and '' *-ale,'' attested on the Lemnos Stele (''Hulaie-ši'' "for Hulaie", ''Φukiasi-ale'' "for the Phocaean") and in Etruscan inscriptions (e.g. ''aule-si'' "To Aule" on the Cippus Perusinus). *a past tense suffix '' *-a-i'' (Etruscan - as in ame "was" ( ← *amai); Lemnian - as in šivai "lived"). Strabo's (''Geography'' V, 2), citation from Anticlides attributes to Pelasgians of Lemnos and Imbros a share in the foundation of Etruria.〔.〕〔.〕 The Pelasgians are also referred to by Herodotus as settlers in Lemnos, after they were expelled from Attica by the Athenians.〔.〕 Tyrrhenians anciently in Lemnos are instanced by Apollonius of Rhodes in his ''Argonautica'' (IV.1760), written in the 3rd century BC, in an elaborate invented ''aition'' of Kalliste/Thera (modern Santorini): in passing he attributes to "Tyrrhenian warriors" in the island of Lemnos the flight of "Sintian" Lemnians to the island Kalliste. Alternatively the Lemnian language could have arrived in the Aegean Sea during the Late Bronze Age, when Mycenaean rulers recruited groups of mercenaries from Sicily, Sardinia and various parts of the Italian peninsula. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tyrsenian languages」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|